Jump to topic
A tooth or dental abscess occurs when a bacterial infection leads to the formation of a pocket of pus. Abscesses occur at different locations of the tooth, including:
Most periapical abscesses develop from an untreated cavity. Abscesses need draining and infection treatment, usually in the form of antibiotics. Failing to treat an abscess can lead to serious dental issues and other health complications.
In rare instances, an untreated dental abscess can be life-threatening.
Book a top dentist near you on ZocDoc
The symptoms of a dental abscess include:
Doctors prescribe antibiotics to treat dental abscesses that are causing pain symptoms or swelling. The goal is to get rid of the infection. If it is only affecting the immediate area of the tooth, you might not need antibiotics. However, antibiotics are necessary if there is any risk of it spreading beyond the affected tooth. The same is true if you have a weakened immune system due to another reason.
Additionally, your dentist will incise and drain the abscess and wash it with saline, an antibacterial agent. Root canals remove the diseased pulp from within the tooth and save it. Sometimes, you need tooth extraction if the tooth is unsalvageable.
The most effective antibiotic for a tooth infection varies. People are different and react differently to medications. Amoxicillin (Augmentin) is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for tooth abscesses and other infections. It also relieves pain.
Penicillin is an option, but many people are allergic to it. A doctor might prescribe clindamycin for someone allergic to penicillin. Other antibiotics give to people with tooth abscesses include:
Antibiotics are given for a course of treatment that must continue even if symptoms ease. For example, your tooth might feel better after a day or two, but you’ll need to take an antibiotic for 10 days. The course of treatment for most antibiotics is 10 to 14 days.
Keep in mind, antibiotics help reduce the dental infection but do not eliminate it. The only way to get rid of a tooth abscess infection is to remove the nerve or extract the abscessed tooth.
Most people experience relief after about 48 hours on an antibiotic. Significant improvement occurs within three to five days.
If you experience no relief at all within two to three days of beginning antibiotics, contact your dentist.
If oral antibiotics do not fix your abscess, you’ll need to return to the dentist. In some cases, you’ll need to visit an emergency dentist for treatment of the infected tooth. This is when IV antibiotics or an extraction are needed.
This is also the case when you first notice the abscess. An abscess might not seem severe, but it is a serious medical condition. You can ease the pain with over-the-counter pain relief, but you must see a dentist for immediate attention. The infection causing the abscess can spread and is potentially fatal if not treated. This is true whether you are just experiencing the first symptoms of an abscess or if you’ve been taking antibiotics that have not worked.
In addition to seeking emergency dental treatment, you’ll want to:
A visit to an emergency dentist is necessary if you have an abscess and cannot see your regular dentist. An abscess can be fatal if left untreated. It is a dental emergency, even if you think you can deal with the pain.
Alternative treatments ease the discomfort of an abscess and help it heal faster. However, it should never be the only approach to dealing with an abscess. Alternative treatments and home remedies for abscesses include:
Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen are effective for easing the pain that comes from a tooth abscess. However, they should NEVER be the only treatment for tooth pain. You should visit a dentist as soon as possible, even if that means seeking emergency dental treatment.
Make sure you only use OTC painkillers that are safe for you and that you do not use them for extended periods. Long-term use of OTC pain relief damages your organs.
Leaving an abscess untreated will lead to serious medical complications in addition to severe pain. The infection will spread to other parts of your body, including your brain and nearby organs. A dental abscess infection that travels to the brain is very difficult to treat because of the blood-brain barrier. It’s also common for infections to spread into the sinuses.
An infection in your teeth or gums might indicate that you have heart health problems. Researchers believe gum disease is linked to heart disease and heart attack risk.
The infection can also spread to the surrounding bones. Facial bones are especially intolerant to infection. There is a high risk that bone removal will be needed to stop the further spread of the infection. Even if you have a mild abscess, it can spread and weaken the bones, which creates problems in the future for your teeth.
An untreated abscess also poses a risk for tooth loss. Usually, a root canal and crown are enough to save the affected tooth. However, left untreated, there’s a high likelihood your dentist will need to pull the tooth.
One of the most serious issues linked to untreated dental abscess is septicemia. This is an infection in the bloodstream and it puts your entire body at risk. If the abscess is not treated in time and it ruptures, the infection can spill into your blood and circulate throughout your body. Sepsis is life-threatening and requires IV antibiotic treatment and long-term hospitalization.
“Tooth Abscess - Symptoms and Causes.” Mayo Clinic, 2019, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tooth-abscess/symptoms-causes/syc-20350901.
“Hidden Tooth Infections May Be a Warning Sign of Heart Disease.” Harvard University, https://www.health.harvard.edu/oral-health/hidden-tooth-infections-may-be-warning-sign-of-heart-disease