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What Happens During Dental Exams and Teeth Cleanings?
The American Dental Association (ADA) recommends that adults visit a general dentist for regular exams and teeth cleanings at least twice a year (every six months).
During dental exams, a dentist or dental hygienist examines the mouth for cavities, gum disease, or other related conditions.
If a patient has cavities, they will typically schedule another appointment to have fillings placed. Dental hygienists also professionally clean the patient’s teeth using fluoride, gritty pastes, and mouthwash.
X-rays and other imaging are commonly used, depending on the patient’s age, oral health standing, and history. Diet, nutrition, and oral hygiene habits are also discussed during dental exams.
For patients with artificial teeth, such as implants or dentures, it is still important to schedule regular teeth cleanings to ensure the replacement teeth and supporting tissues are healthy.
Diagnostic Services
Many oral conditions and diseases do not have obvious warning signs. During an exam, a dentist uses diagnostics to detect hidden diseases and damage early on. This includes oral cancer screenings, x-rays, and gingivitis screenings.
X-rays and Other Images
Dentists use X-rays to aid in the diagnosis of disease or damage that is not visible during a visual dental exam.
X-rays or radiographs are typically taken during a routine exam (once a year), but how often they are taken depends on the patient’s age, oral health standing, and risk for disease.
Oral Cancer Screenings
Oral cancer begins with the development of abnormal carcinoma cells and results in the growth of cancerous lesions.
This type of cancer can develop in the mouth, cheeks, gums, tongue, lips, palate, sinuses, throat, or the mouth’s floor. The diseases are life-threatening if they aren’t treated early. Oral cancer screenings should be done at least once a year on every patient.
Gingivitis Screenings
Gingivitis, also referred to as mild gum disease, occurs when the gums become inflamed. In gingivitis, the damage is reversible and the supporting structures of teeth, such as bones, are not permanently lost.
More than half of American adults are affected by gingivitis and the prevalence is even higher as people age. Since the disease is very common, dentists screen every patient for early signs of gingivitis or periodontal disease (severe gum disease) during dental exams.
Preventive Services
Preventive dentistry focuses on good oral hygiene practices in order to keep the mouth healthy throughout life. These services protect teeth from decay, prevent gum disease, and strengthen teeth.
Plaque and Tartar Removal
Brushing and flossing regularly remove most plaque buildup on teeth, but not all of the bacteria can be removed at home with a normal toothbrush.
During professional teeth cleanings, a dentist or dental hygienist uses small instruments to completely remove plaque and tartar on the surfaces of teeth and between teeth. This type of treatment is also referred to as “scaling.”
Flossing, Brushing, and Stain Removal
After teeth are scaled, a dentist or dental hygienist typically polish them using a gritty paste.
This treatment removes any surface stains on the teeth, leaving a shiny, highly polished tooth surface that resists the buildup of plaque. The dentist also flosses between the teeth to ensure they are completely clean.
Sealants
Sealants may be applied if a patient has a high risk of developing dental caries. If cavities are already present, fillings or crowns may be needed (restorative treatment).
Fluoride Treatment
Fluoride is a natural mineral that is used to prevent cavities and strengthen teeth.
It also supports healthy tooth enamel, fights bacteria, and protects teeth from damage. During a dental exam and cleaning, fluoride may be applied to the teeth in a highly concentrated gel, foam, or varnish.
After a gel or foam is applied, any foods or drinks should be avoided for 30 minutes. If a varnish is applied, foods and drinks do not need to be avoided.
Educational Services
In addition to preventive and diagnostic services, dentists and dental hygienists also educate patients about oral hygiene best practices, nutrition, and future treatment evaluations.
Brushing and Flossing Tips
Brushing twice a day, flossing every day, and rinsing with mouthwash regularly are essential for cavity prevention.
Visiting the dentist every six months for teeth cleanings and x-rays is also essential. Doing so allows dentists to catch cavities early and prevent further decay with treatment.
Nutrition Counseling
The primary cause of cavities is from foods and drinks high in sugar, including fruit juices and candy.
White starches, such as pasta, bread, chips, and crackers can even cause cavities over time due to their high carbohydrate levels (sugars). Mouth bacteria feed off of simple sugars, which eventually converts into acid plaque.
Future Treatment Evaluation
After treatment is complete, the dentist will talk to the patient about follow-up appointments, including when to return for the next hygiene treatment, periodontal (gum) treatment, or restorative options.
What Dental Services are Covered by Insurance?
Dental services for adults that are typically covered by insurance:
- Routine dental exams
- Fluoride treatment
- Professional teeth cleanings
- X-rays and other imaging
- Nitrous oxide (laughing gas)
- Cavity fillings
- Tooth extractions
