How Does Pregnancy Affect Your Oral Health?

Pregnancy comes with a whirlwind of changes, and it might surprise you that these changes can impact your teeth and gums. One of the most common dental issues pregnant women will encounter is gingivitis. 

In this article, we’ll talk about pregnancy gingivitis and other dental issues during pregnancy.

What Is Pregnancy Gingivitis?

Pregnancy gingivitis is the most common oral health issue during pregnancy. It affects 60 to 75% of pregnant women and usually occurs between the second and eighth month of pregnancy.

It's caused by hormonal changes that increase blood flow to the gums, making them more sensitive to plaque and bacteria. If left untreated, gingivitis can worsen and increase the risk of periodontal disease.

What Causes Pregnancy Gingivitis?

Hormonal changes during pregnancy are the main cause of pregnancy gingivitis. Increased levels of progesterone and estrogen make gums more sensitive to plaque bacteria.

These hormones increase blood flow to the gum tissues, making them more prone to inflammation.

Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy can also influence the oral microbiome. This sometimes leads to an imbalance that favors harmful bacteria associated with gum disease.

Symptoms of Pregnancy Gingivitis

The symptoms of pregnancy gingivitis are similar to those of regular gingivitis but may be exacerbated by hormonal changes:

• Red and swollen gums ⁠— Gums may appear redder and puffier than usual due to increased blood flow and inflammation.
• Tender and sore gums — Gums may feel tender or sore to the touch, causing discomfort during brushing or eating.
• Bleeding gums — This is a common symptom, often noticed when brushing or flossing. It occurs because inflamed gums are more prone to bleeding.
• Bad breath (halitosis) — Pregnancy gingivitis can contribute to persistent bad breath due to the buildup of plaque and bacteria.
• Receding gums — In some cases, the gums may start to recede or pull away from the teeth, exposing the roots.

Other Dental Issues During Pregnancy

Aside from gingivitis, pregnant women are more prone to the following dental issues;

• Periodontal disease — If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to more severe gum disease, which has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth and low birth weight.
• Tooth decay/cavities — Pregnant women may be at higher risk for cavities due to changes in eating habits, increased mouth acidity, and decreased attention to oral care.
• Tooth erosion — Morning sickness and vomiting can expose teeth to stomach acid, potentially eroding tooth enamel.
• Loose teeth — Hormonal changes can temporarily loosen the tissues and bones that keep teeth in place.
• Pregnancy tumors (epulis gravidarum) — These are non-cancerous growths that can develop on the gums, usually during the second trimester.

Treatment and Prevention Strategies for Pregnancy Gingivitis

Pregnancy can impact oral health, but a proactive approach can minimize complications. Partnering with your dental team and practicing good oral hygiene are essential steps.

Go to Your Dentist Regularly

Regular checkups and cleanings throughout pregnancy are safe and essential for early detection and treatment of dental issues. This allows them to provide tailored care and address any specific concerns you may have.

Communicate openly about any oral change as well. Discuss any changes in your oral health, such as bleeding gums or sensitivity, with your dentist for prompt intervention.

Adopt Healthy Habits at Home

Brush and floss diligently. Brush twice daily with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste to strengthen enamel and protect against cavities. Flossing removes plaque and food particles between teeth, preventing cavities and gum disease.

Manage Morning Sickness

If you have morning sickness, always rinse after vomiting. Water or a baking soda solution can help neutralize stomach acid and protect tooth enamel.

Avoid brushing immediately after vomiting as it can further damage weakened enamel. Wait at least 30 minutes before brushing.

Prioritize Nutrition for Oral Health

Proper nutrition is crucial for maintaining good oral health during pregnancy. To minimize the risk of cavities, limiting your intake of sugary foods and drinks is important. It’s also important to choose nutrient-rich foods.

If left untreated, pregnancy gingivitis can progress to periodontal disease, posing risks to both mother and baby. Maintaining good oral hygiene, regular dental visits, and a healthy diet are crucial for preventing and managing these issues.